Low back pain is one of the most common complaints among golfers—weekend warriors and competitive players alike. And while it’s easy to blame the golf swing, the truth is usually more interesting (and more fixable): the low back often hurts because other parts of the body aren’t doing their job.

Two major culprits show up again and again in golfers with back pain:

1. Limited hip mobility

2. Limited thoracic (upper back) mobility

When hips and upper back don’t move well, the body finds motion somewhere else. In golfers, that “somewhere else” is usually the lumbar spine (low back)—a region designed for stability more than big rotation.

Let’s break down why that matters.

The Low Back Isn’t Built for the Golf Swing’s Demands

A powerful, repeatable golf swing needs rotation. Lots of it. But here’s the key:

1. Most rotational motion should come from the hips and thoracic spine.

2. The lumbar spine contributes some rotation, but not much.

The low back is better at:

1. resisting excessive motion

2. transferring force

3. staying stable while other joints rotate

So when the swing asks for rotation and the hips/upper back can’t deliver, the low back gets forced into doing extra work. Over time, that overload creates irritation, stiffness, or strain.

Why Hip Mobility Is a Big Deal

The hips are the engines of the golf swing. Good hip mobility allows you to:

1. rotate into your trail hip on the backswing

2. shift and clear the lead hip on the downswing

3. create separation between lower and upper body

4. generate power without twisting the spine

When hip mobility is limited (especially internal rotation), you might notice:

1. early extension / standing up through impact

2. a slide instead of a turn

3. loss of posture

4. “stuck” feeling in the downswing

5. low back tightness after a round

What happens next?

Your body still needs rotation to complete the swing, so it steals it from the low back. That can show up as:

1. compression on the lead side

2. over-rotation on the trail side

3. facet joint irritation

4. muscle guarding and spasms

In short: stiff hips = busy low back.

Why Thoracic Mobility Changes Everything

Your thoracic spine (mid/upper back) is built to rotate. It should be one of the main sources of turn in your swing.

When thoracic mobility is good, you can:

1. get a full shoulder turn without over-arching the low back

2. stay centered and connected

3. rotate through the ball smoothly

4. avoid “reverse spine angle” patterns

5. distribute force more evenly through your body

When thoracic mobility is limited, the body compensates by:

1. extending the low back to fake rotation

2. side-bending through the lumbar spine

3. yanking with the arms instead of turning

4. losing ribcage/pelvis alignment

That’s a recipe for low back irritation—especially with repeated swings over 18 holes.

Stiff upper back = low back overextends.

How the Golf Swing Can Trigger Low Back Pain

Even a technically solid swing can irritate the back if the body isn’t prepared for the forces involved.

Golf is a high-repetition, high-rotation activity that includes:

1. fast acceleration/deceleration

2. side bending

3. extension

4. rotational shear forces

5. ground reaction forces traveling up the chain

If you already have limitations or fatigue, the swing becomes the final straw. Common swing-related low back pain patterns include:

1. Excessive Lumbar Extension

Often happens when hips or upper back can’t rotate, leading to a “lean back and rip” move.

2. Over-Rotation / Sway

If the trail hip is stiff, golfers may sway off the ball instead of turning, then slam back into the lead side—loading the spine.

3. Early Extension

The pelvis moves toward the ball, the spine stands up, and the low back takes the hit to save the shot.

4. Poor Lead Hip Clearance

If the lead hip can’t internally rotate, the low back twists harder to square the clubface.

Important Point: Your Back Pain Might Not Be “From Golf”

This is the part most golfers miss:

Golf exposes problems. It doesn’t always create them.

A lot of low back pain blamed on the golf swing is actually fueled by lifestyle factors that build tension and weakness before you ever tee it up.

Common contributors:

1. Sitting all day → hips stiffen, glutes shut down, thoracic spine gets rigid

2. Stress and poor sleep → increases muscle tone and pain sensitivity

3. Weak core / poor endurance → low back muscles take over late in the round

4. Lack of movement variety → body loses rotation options

5. Previous injuries → compensation patterns become your new normal

6. Training that ignores rotation → you’re strong in straight lines, not spirals

So you show up to the course already “tight,” and every swing adds load to a system that’s already overworked. By hole 12, the low back is done—because it’s been doing everyone else’s job all week.

The Fix: Restore Motion Where It Belongs

The goal isn’t to “stretch your back.”

The goal is to:

1. Give rotation back to the hips

2. Give rotation back to the thoracic spine

3. Teach the low back to stabilize again

4. Build endurance so your mechanics don’t fall apart late-round

When those pieces come online, two things happen:

1. your back calms down

2. your swing feels more free and powerful

Most golfers don’t need a brand-new swing.

They need a body that can support the one they already have.

Takeaway

Low back pain in golfers is rarely just a “back problem.”

It’s often a mobility and movement distribution problem.

If your hips and thoracic spine aren’t rotating well, your low back has to rotate more than it should. Add the speed and repetition of the golf swing, plus modern sedentary lifestyle habits, and you’ve got a perfect storm.

So if you’re dealing with back pain:

1. don’t just look at the swing

2. look at the joints above and below

3. and look at what your body does the other 23 hours a day

Your back isn’t weak.

It’s just doing too much.